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Harvard and Wisconsin Tie in Turning Out the Most CEOs in U.S.
July 30 (Bloomberg) -- Ryan Hertel, a student tour guide at the University of Wisconsin's Madison campus, pauses before the Old Red Gym, a former armory firebombed by Vietnam War protesters in 1970. That same year, homemade explosives killed a graduate student in physics working late into the night.
``The bombings are the sad point, the low point in our history,'' says Hertel, a 20-year-old junior, as he leads prospective students and their parents around the 933-acre (378- hecatre) campus.
The University of Wisconsin, the eighth-largest public university system in the U.S., has left those days of political unrest behind while maintaining its tradition of social consciousness, Provost Peter Spear says.
Less obvious to visitors, who can watch cows get milked at the school's working dairy farm every afternoon, is the university's other claim to fame: Wisconsin is a top breeding ground for U.S. corporate leaders.
Wisconsin, with 29,000 undergraduates, tied with Harvard University's Harvard College for first place in educating the most chief executive officers of companies included in the Standard & Poor's 500 Index, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
The school counts 142 alumni who volunteered for the Peace Corps as of the beginning of 2004, more than at any other U.S. college or university. Its school of social work handed out 188 master's degrees this year, the most of any department.
Harvard, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and founded in 1636, is the oldest college in the U.S. and home to 6,650 undergraduates.
Exxon Mobil CEO
Wisconsin's CEO honor roll, from all of its campuses, includes Carol Bartz, 55, CEO of Autodesk Inc., which makes software for architects and engineers; Thomas Falk, 46, who runs Kimberly-Clark Corp., the largest U.S. maker of disposable diapers; and Lee Raymond, 65, head of Exxon Mobil Corp., the world's largest publicly traded oil company.
Harvard alumni include Steve Ballmer, 48, CEO of Microsoft Corp., the world's largest software maker; Franklin Raines, 55, who heads Fannie Mae, the largest source of U.S. mortgage money; and Sumner Redstone, 81, CEO of Viacom Inc., the third-largest U.S. media company.
Harvard and Wisconsin outrank both Princeton University and Stanford University, two private institutions that tied for third place in educating the most CEOs.
U.K. CEOs
Last year, the Princeton Review, which publishes The Best 351 Colleges, ranked Princeton University the second-hardest school to get into and Harvard the third hardest, both lagging the U.S. Military Academy in West Point, New York. The Princeton Review is not connected with the university.
U.S. universities have also produced CEOs of 24 percent of the U.K.'s 50 biggest companies by market value. Five of those executives are Ivy League graduates.
Six CEOs of the U.K. companies attended a U.S. graduate school, including Stephen Green, 55, of HSBC Holdings Plc, the world's second-biggest bank by market value. He has a master's degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.
Wisconsin's leadership in educating U.S. chief executives comes at a time when gaining admission to highly selective colleges and universities has never been tougher, says Matthew Greene, a private college consultant based in Westport, Connecticut.
The use of private college counselors is growing, with some parents spending as much as $33,000 on consultants who advise students on everything from writing essays to building impressive resumes.
State Universities
Big state universities like Wisconsin outpace their private counterparts in educating CEOs. Chief executives are four times more likely to have earned their undergraduate degrees from a publicly funded university than from an Ivy League school.
The top 10 educators of CEOs also include the University of Texas, City University of New York and the University of North Carolina.
``There should be more respect for the kind of education you can get from a large public institution,'' says Sim Sitkin, founding director of the Center of Leadership and Ethics at the Fuqua School of Business, at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina.
``Senior executives in large companies need not only come from an isolated elite but need to be able to relate to a wide spectrum of people,'' he says.
A Wisconsin education costs less than a Harvard one: A year at Harvard, including room and board, costs $39,880; at Wisconsin, state residents pay $14,350, while out-of-state students pay $28,360.
Trying Harder
The preponderance of CEOs educated at public universities may result from the schools' numerical advantage: Only 0.8 percent of the nation's estimated 7.5 million four-year college students attended the nation's eight Ivy League schools in 2001.
Wisconsin and other state schools may turn out more CEOs because their graduates have to try harder, says Maury Hanigan, founder of Hanigan Consulting Group, a New York-based consultant on human resources strategy.
``The kids who went to Harvard tend to be dynasty kids, fairly privileged, not the kids who scrap hard enough to work their way up to the top,'' Hanigan says.
Harvard is trying to change that stereotype. President Larry Summers is guaranteeing a free education to any student whose family earns less than $40,000 a year.
Equal Opportunity
``We believe that the university has a profound responsibility to help meet our national challenge of achieving equal opportunity,'' he said in his June commencement speech. Summers, 49, a former U.S. Treasury secretary, declined to be interviewed.
William Fitzsimmons, dean of admissions at Harvard and a 1967 Harvard graduate, says the data on CEOs show that Harvard alumni don't have a monopoly on achievement. ``This is one more piece of evidence that it isn't over if you didn't get into Harvard,'' he says.
Still, graduates say it's hard to dispute the advantages of a Harvard education. ``Having been identified as going to Harvard is an imprimatur that is helpful all one's life,'' says 1963 Harvard graduate Stephen Baum, 63, chief executive of San Diego- based Sempra Energy, the largest U.S. natural gas utility.
Baum had to move out of Harvard's Quincy House and back home to Cambridge when his father, an art director, lost his job. Baum worked part-time flipping burgers and picking up his classmates' dirty laundry while his wealthier peers went on ski jaunts and trips to Europe.
`Ambitious'
``People came from families of significant wealth or corporate position, and you feel yourself part of a segment of society that runs the country,'' Baum says. ``I guess it made me ambitious to make money.''
Last year, he earned a salary of $1 million and a bonus of $2.2 million, not including stock options.
Harvard College has educated five U.S. presidents: John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. U.S. President George W. Bush, a Yale University alumnus like his father, graduated from Harvard Business School in 1975 and became the first president to hold a master of business administration.
Rutherford Hayes went to Harvard Law School. Harvard University lists 40 Nobel laureates as current and former faculty members, and its endowment of $19.3 billion is the largest of any academic institution in the world.
`Don't Stress It'
Freshmen dine under the stenciled ceilings of Annenberg Hall, with walnut paneling and Tiffany stained-glass windows -- all inspired by the great halls of Oxford and Cambridge universities.
On a warm May afternoon, Harvard tour guide Kyle Scherer, a junior, stands at the stone steps of Widener Library, which holds 3.2 million volumes on more than 50 miles (80 kilometers) of bookshelves. He tells prospective students they might get the dorm room shared by former Vice President Al Gore and actor Tommy Lee Jones in 1965.
He also tells them not to get their hopes up too high. ``There are a lot of great schools besides this one, so don't stress it if you don't get in,'' Scherer says.
Most students don't. For the class entering in September, Harvard accepted about 2,030 students out of 19,750 applicants, who included 2,800 valedictorians. Fifty-six percent of the accepted students scored 1,400 or higher on their SAT exams; the highest score possible is 1,600.