First, a little update. Scientists have finally modeled what they call a 'second big bang' which happened a few hundred million years after the first. These massive clouds of hydrogen gas formed all over the newly created universe and gradually gained mass and strength until they blew up, birthing the universe and its multi-element stars and planets. It all began with these massive clouds of hydrogen, and if they hadn't blown up, well nothing would have happened.
Getting now to habitable planets. It is estimated that the Earth was hit with half a dozen or more massive space collisions during its 5 billion year history (making it all the more impressive that we've maintained a near perfect circle around the sun) wiping out chances for life to evolve gradually. Microbes did survive though, by burrowing underneath the Earth's crust and using the mantle's heat to stay warm. So they resurfaced after the nuclear winter and got back to reproducing.
There is a 20 million mile range approximately which is a friendly zone for habitable planets. Meaning it is just the right distance from its respective star to support life climate-wise (again, assuming that our climate is the 'ideal' one for intelligent life.) Earth, for example, is 93 million miles from the sun at pretty much all times. The zone if I remember correctly is around 76 million to 95 million miles.
Secondary, but equally important, is planet size. We have located many planets in similar safe zones in other galaxies, but the only planets we are currently capable of actually seeing are massive gas giants closer in size to Jupiter than Earth. These planets tend to either lack the ability to hold an atmosphere, or are so mineral weak that habitation would be difficult. Or they're massive tumultuous balls of gas.
We are developing technology to be able to filter out the glare of distant suns and locate smaller planets; currently we can detect their presence by studying space around them, but we can't actually see them due to their small size.
Calculate the number of galaxies out there, even within our general vicinity. Then take the number of habitable systems, and planets that fall within the oribtal safe zones of their stars. With the proper amount of gravity and minerals (to hold atmosphere in, and keep deadly UV rays out) it is almost a certainty that other planets in the universe do harbor life.
Depending on their galactic history (i.e. did they get socked with tons of huge meteors in their early years) it is also reasonable to assume that on some of these planets evolution was allowed to progress without much interruption. This would put them on a more advanced track than human beings.
Again at a certain point it becomes philosophical, asking questions like what IS technology to other races, for all we know it could be advances in agronomy, and they could have little to no interest in planetary exploration. When dealing with alien cultures it is impossible to predict where evolution and societal influences will take them. Most of our major leaps in astronomy have come within mere decades; so there is no real argument for or against other cultures having superbly advanced interstellar technology, or being mired in feudalism for hundreds of thousands of years.
In my opinion, if it happened here, the chances of it happening elsewhere in this infinitely expanding universe are about as certain as you can get. I've got my WELCOME TO EARTH sign duct taped to the roof already.
C.
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